Excavator
Excavator (from lat. excavo — “I hollow, take out”) — the main type of earth-moving machines equipped with a bucket.
The main purpose of the excavator is the development of soils (rocks, minerals) and the loading of bulk materials. The main difference between a single-bucket excavator and other earth-moving machines is that excavation (excavation) of soil (material from a pile) is carried out by a movable working body with a fixed chassis. The turn of the bucket for unloading is also carried out with the machine standing still. Bucket-wheel excavators can move while digging (trenchers, for example), but the buckets must move separately from the chassis.
Application
Excavators are used during the construction and demolition of residential buildings, road construction, as well as in quarries and mine workings.
Structurally, excavators consist of working (as a rule, replaceable), running (chassis) and power equipment. The workplace of an excavator working with a bucket is called face . A feature of excavators is a wide range of interchangeable equipment — not only different buckets, but also arrows, handles, pile masts, as well as the actual working tools: excavation buckets, loading buckets, clamshell double and multi-jaw buckets, rippers, hooks.
Classification
- tracked on a normal and widened-extended chassis;
- walking;
- pneumowheel;
- on the road and on a special auto chassis;
- on a tractor;
- rail and railway (normal gauge);
- floating (dredgers, dredgers, excavators);
- on an all-terrain chassis (for example, on a pontoon with the ability to «walk» on land);
- on a special (for example, steep) chassis;
- on a combined chassis (for example, pneumatic wheel with lowered railway wheelsets).
According to the principle of work
- cyclic excavators (single-bucket): single-bucket excavator (in the direction of the excavator bucket tooth); working equipment: dragline, straight shovel, backhoe, grapple;
- Continuous excavators (trench, rotary and others);
- vacuum and vacuum-suction excavators (for example, suction dredgers).
By operational purpose
- career;
- overburden;
- mine (for underground work);
- construction universal.
For power equipment
- with an internal combustion engine (usually diesel);
- electrical;
- previously steam.
